Acorn Risc Technologies StrongARM CD-ROM

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Text File | 1996-08-09 | 33.6 KB | 691 lines

_ _ ___ ____ ____ ____ _ ____ _ __ ____ | | | || \ | _ \ | _ \ | _ \ | | / ___| | | / // ___| | |___| || |\ \ | |_\ \ | | \ \ | | \ \ | || |___ | |/ /| |___ | ___ || |_\ \ | _ / | | \ \ | | \ \| | \___ \ | | \___ \ | | | || ___ \ | | \ \ | |__/ / | |__/ /| | ___| || |\ \ ___| | |_| |_||_| \_\|_| \_\|_____/ |_____/ |_| |____/ |_| \_\|____/ _____ \ / /\ | INCLUDED IN \/ /--\ | ALL PRICES So if you see an advert in a magazine for a drive costing £200 and my price is £210 my price is actually £25 CHEAPER ************************************************************ * UK CARRIAGE * * For internal drives please add £5. For external drives * * or more than one internal or external drive add £8 * ************************************************************ ***************** ** OUTSIDE UK? ** See the section at the end of this file ***************** It has been pointed out that this file has grown since it first began. I have chosen this format because I DON'T want it to be just a list of prices. If you want a hard drive it may not be just a question of how big/how much? There are often various alternatives and I try to offer as much information as possible to help you to choose. So, no apologies for the 'wordiness' - if you're only interested in 'how much' it's easy to find the prices, if you want more info then there's lots here. If your catalogue is not up to date please, if possible, phone before ordering. Prices change quickly and I am working on very small margins. For more information phone 0181 778 2659 or email info@apdl.co.uk IMPORTANT - Drive sizes are 'nominal' as quoted by manufacturers. Most define 1Mb as 1024x1000, some as 1000x1000. Acorn are unique in defining it as 1024x1024. Some capacity is used by a drive's internal data tables. This means that the amount of free space on a hard disc will not be as large as its nominal size. For example, a 420Mb Conner drive as fitted to the Risc PC will show as 406Mb in the 'Free' window. This file is divided into five main sections. You can therefore skip to the bits you are interested in. The sections are, in order - Special Offers - The things I think are exceptional value for money It's at the front so you can look here first! Part Exchange - We can offer a part-exchange deal on almost anything but the most common is trading-up a 3.5" IDE drive. This explains briefly how this works and gives prices for most sizes. 3.5" IDE drives - IDE drives and interfaces for 'two box' models, A310, A400, A540, A400, A5000 and Risc PC 2.5" IDE drives - IDE drives and interfaces for internal fitting in 'single box' models (A3000, A3010, A3020). SCSI - SCSI drives and interfaces for all models. Suquest - Syquest removeable cartridge drives. Without doubt the best and most reliable available - and they're cheaper than you think! Misc bits - External cases, odds and end, various info. ---------------------------------- ################| ============================== |################ ################| S P E C I A L O F F E R S |################ ################| ============================== |################ ---------------------------------- Cheap Syquest ------------- The 105Mb and 270Mb 3.5" drives have been discontinued and Syquest are 'unloading' remaining stocks so I can offer some models at very good prices. Although the 105Mb discs are more expensive than the EZ, the advantage is that they can be used in the 270Mb drives, which won't take EZ discs This really is an unrepeatable offer - these are the last of these drives. Don't worry about cartridges, there are so many of these drives in existance that they will continue to be available for many years. 105Mb Bare internal SCSI drive -- £129 105Mb External SCSI -- £149 (add £8 for data lead) 270Mb Bare internal IDE or SCSI -- £149 270Mb external SCSI --- £169 (add £8 for data lead) (Prices include one cartridge) This is more expensie than the EZ, but if you need to exchange discs with people who have 270Mb or 105Mb drives it's the cheapest way. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ New 'special offer' drives at bargain prices -------------------------------------------- 170Mb IDE drives with Castle Tech I/face to fit A3000/A3010 - £169 340Mb IDE drives with Castle Tech I/face to fit A3000/A3010 - £209 210Mb Conner IDE drives with ICS I/face to fit A310/A400 - £148 240Mb 3.5" Quantum SCSI drives - only £89 80Mb IBM SCSI - incredible bargain - only £25 ----------------------------------------------- SPECIAL PURCHASE - 810Mb 2.5" IBM IDE drives with ICS interface to fit A3000/A3010 -- £329 (drives alone or PX for smaller drives also available) ----------------------------------------------- Secondhand 80Mb drive with new ICS I/face to fit A310/A400 - £85 Ex A5000's. A cheap way to fit a hard disc - ideal for schools. ----------------------------------------------- (Limited number of all of these) I sometimes have secondhand IDE drives from part exchange deals. Many are nearly new. I will supply them with a NEW interface at VERY attractive prices. Obviously what is available changes rapidly so please phone if you are interested in a VERY cheap hard disc. --------------------------------- #################| ============================= |################## #################| P A R T E X C H A N G E |################## #################| ============================= |################## --------------------------------- I like to get secondhand drives to help the more impoverished users, so if you want to px your present drive please phone on 0181 778 2659. It might be cheaper than you think to upgrade! ####################################################################### ##_______________________ ## ## _____________> ************************************ ## ## _______| ** WE WANT YOUR HARD DISC DRIVE ** ## ## ______| ************************************ ## ##______________| ## ## ## ## Do you have an A5000 or A4000 with an 80, 120 or 160Mb drive? ## ## Do you have a RPC 600 and have found that 210Mb is too small? ## ## Have you just got a RPC 700 and discovered 410Mb isn't enough? ## ## ## ## In our struggle to bring cheap hard discs to Archimedes users we ## ## want your drive in part exchange for a bigger one. We can then ## ## pass it on to someone who can't afford a new drive. To get your ## ## drive, which must be in good working order and taken from any ## ## Acorn computer, we offer a new larger drive for a very low price ## ## ## ## Your drive - PX to - 420 Mb 512Mb 850 Mb 1 Gb 1.6Gb ## ## ## ## 40 Mb £105 £124 ## ## 80 Mb £120 £122 ## ## 120 Mb £115 £121 ## ## 160 Mb £99 £117 £132 £152 £184 ## ## 210 Mb £89 £109 £125 £145 £177 ## ## 420 Mb £84 £104 £143 ## ## ## ## You cannot use drives larger than 512Mb with Acorn's IDE system ## ## (except RPC 700), but some 3rd party interfaces (eg. ICS) let you ## ## partition big drives. Large drives can be formatted to 512 Mb and ## ## to full size if you upgrade to RISC-OS 3.6+ later with a RPC 600. ## ## ## ####################################################################### So, how does it work? You send a cheque for the px price of the drive you want (plus £5 carriage), and a SECOND cheque for £85 (which can be post dated) as a deposit. We send you the new drive (ready formatted) and lend an ICS interface and all necessary leads and instructions. You temporarily install the ICS interface and the new drive, copy all your data over, remove the ICS interface and the old drive, fit the new drive, and then (when you are satisfied that it's all working properly) send the old drive, interface and leads back to us. When we receive it (in good condition) we tear up your deposit cheque. This takes less than an hour and it means that you are not without your hard disc at any time. You don't let your precious data out of your sight until it has been safely transferred. If you do get into difficulties (and so far no-one has been unable to carry out the operation) then you can have as much telephone support as you need. Alternatively, if you don't like our px prices you can buy a drive outright, either from APDL (when it will arrive ready formatted and tested and at least you know it will work). Then struggle to get it to operate with your existing drive, and if you can't get the two to work together you can back up a couple of hundred magabytes to floppy discs and restore them to the new drive. Hours of amusement for you! If you've been a real cheapskate and purchased the drive from a PC 'warehouse' then you might have the even more uplifting experience of discovering that it won't work on a Acorn machine (not all do!). And if you do try to do things on the cheap don't phone APDL and ask for help! Lots of people have used our part exchange scheme, so unless you REALLY know what you're doing it is the most trouble free way to fit a bigger drive. Don't try to save a few quid by going it alone - it might work out a LOT dearer in the long run. --------------------------------------------------- ########| =============================================== |######## ########| 3.5" IDE drives and Interfaces |######## ########| =============================================== |######## --------------------------------------------------- Drives are new, uncased, 3.5" 1" high. Normally Conner, IBM or Seagate. I can't guarantee the manufacturer but if you require a specific make and model contact me for a price but be prepared to pay extra because in order to sell drives at these prices I have to take what's available. All bare 3.5" drives drives are suitable for internal fitting in A310, A400, A4000, A5000 or Risc PC. If you buy a drive and interface for an A300/400 I can supply a pair of inelegant but functional plastic brackets to mount the drive. If you have a second floppy or an ST506 drive it's best to remove it (cheaper and you won't need it now). If you have an A3000 or A3010 and you want to fit a 3.5" drive you will need an external case. If you order a drive and interface the drive is supplied formatted and ready to go. If you order a drive on its own then although I can guarantee it works as the primary drive with an A5000/Risc PC, etc. or the interfaces I sell, it's up to you to ensure it works with an interface or drive you already have. Some models of IDE drive are mutually exclusive and won't operate together, and some interfaces won't work with certain drives. If you have problems I will normally offer a refund (less carriage) if you return the drive in perfect condition WITH MY PRIOR AGREEMENT. ======================================================== ======== Ian Copestake internal IDE interfaces for A300/400 ======== ======================================================== Price - £70 including P&P or £65 if ordered with a drive With CDFS - £82 inc. P&P or £77 if ordered with a drive Don't confuse the ICS interface with 'inferior' interfaces. I don't say they're the best because I sell them - I sell them because I think they're better than the others! You do NOT need a backplane to use this interface with an A310, although you should fit a fan. I can supply a suitable fan for £10 if ordered with a drive, £12 separately. (Suitable as replacement fan for A400). This interface will work on the A5000 or Risc PC in tandem with the built in IDE interface so you can have FOUR IDE drives. You can therefore have an IDE CD ROM attached to the built in IDE interface and still have extra hard discs. They are the ONLY interfaces with proper support for removable drives so you can use a Syquest IDE drive without problems. This is also a good way of fitting Syquest drives to an A5000 or Risc PC. The ICS interface is also available in a version with CDFS and drivers for an ATAPI CD ROM. This costs £12 more than the standard version. Please specify RO2 or RO3 when ordering ICS interfaces. The RO2 version works with RO3 but doesn't support interactive file copying. The RO3 version won't work with RO2. If you don't ask you get the RO3 version! ================================ =================== Prices for 3.5" IDE drives ===================== ================================ Size | Bare drive | Drive+ICS I/face | Drive+I/Face+external | | for A310/A400 | case for A3000/A3010 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 170 Mb £72 £137 £202 210 Mb £83 £148 £213 340 Mb £98 £163 £228 420 Mb £108 £173 £238 540 Mb £126 £191 £256 850 Mb ** £142 £207 £277 1.08 Gb ** £164 £229 £299 1.6 Gb ** £194 £259 £334 2.0 Gb ** £254 £319 £384 There's no VAT to add, just £5 carriage. To fit the 'bare PCB' model (the middle column) to an A3000 add £45 to the A310/A400 price for an external case and PSU. Kit to fit a second drive in an A5000 complete with data cable, 'Y' power lead, mounting screws, spacers and instructions - add £12 Lead to fit drive as a second drive in a Risc PC - add £8 Drives marked '**' CANNOT be fitted to many IDE interfaces (including Acorn pre Risc PC 700) as there is a limit of 512 Mb. In order for them to work they must either be 'partitioned' so they look like two separate drives to the computer, or formatted to only 512Mb. (Normally 540Mb drives are supplied formatted to 512Mb). The ICS interface supports partitioning so there is no problem. Unless you are purchasing drive and interface together ensure that yours supports partitioning before you buy or be prepared to be able to use only 512Mb. If you have a Risc PC 600 you may have heard of the Filecore patch which lets you use bigger drives. Some people have used this without problems (although you do have to boot it from a floppy every time you use the computer) but I also know of people who have had hard discs trashed while using it. Because of this I can't recommend it at present, but if you anticipate upgrading your 600 to RiscOS 3.6 (or whatever it becomes when Acorn decide to release it) then I offer the following service. If you buy a drive larger than 512Mb I will supply it formatted to 512Mb. If you upgrade to a later OS you can return the drive and I will copy off all your data, reformat the drive to full capacity, and restore your data. There will be only a nominal charge of £10 to cover handling and postage for this service. ----------------------------- ###################| ========================= |################### ###################| Internal A3000/3010 |################### ###################| ========================= |################### ----------------------------- ======================================== ================ IDE interfaces for A3000 and A3010 ================ ======================================== We stock two types of IDE interface for A3000/A3010 models, ICS and Castle Technology. The ICS interface has provision for partitioning, can have an internal 2.5" drive and/or a drive fitted in an external case, and can be fitted to RO2 machines (make sure you specify RO2 when you order!). It is also available in a version with CDFS and drivers for an ATAPI CD ROM. This costs £12 more than the standard version. The Castle Tech interface can only have a single, internal, 2.5" drive and be used ONLY with RO3 machines. The A3000 and A3010 models are different, so you must specify which machine you have when ordering. However, it is cheaper and for most purposes just as good. If the internal expansion port on your A3000 (not A3010) is in use you can still have a hard disc by using an ICS A300/400 interface with a 3.5" drive in an external case. They are functionally identical. The A300/400 interface is a bare PCB (about the size of a 3.5" floppy disc) and sticks out of the back. (See previous section on 3.5" drives). Castle Technology (specify A3000 or A3010) . . . . . . £72 ICS (add £6 for lead and screws to fit 2.5" drive) . . £86 With CDFS . . £98 ================================================ =========== Internal A3000/A3010 drives and interfaces ============= ================================================ Size Bare Drive Castle Tech ICS ------------------------------------------------ 80 Mb £79 £129 £150 120 Mb £99 £149 £170 170 Mb £109 £159 £180 260 Mb £129 £179 £199 330 Mb £149 £199 £229 512 Mb £179 £229 £249 800 Mb £269 N/A £329 Add £6 for a kit consisting of leads and mounting screws to fit one of the bare drives to an A3020 which does not already have a drive. The A3020, even if it was purchased with no hard disc, has the interface built in so all you need is the drive and fitting kit. Note that you can't fit a drive bigger than 512 Mb to an A3020. If you really do need a larger drive then you need to use an ICS interface and ignore the built-in one. I can supply 2.5" drives for upgrading the A3020 and will normally accept the original drive in part exchange. ========================================== ============== Larger drives on internal interfaces =============== ========================================== This applies to the internal cards fitted to A3000/3010 and those supplied by Watford, Beebug etc. which fit the standard 'podule' slot with a 2.5" drive fitted to the card. If you have one of these and want a bigger drive send the complete card (NOT the computer please) to have it fitted. You MUST include any formatting software/manuals. Price depends upon the type of card and the PX value of the existing drive. Please check with me first for prices. I will then ensure that I have the required drive BEFORE you send the card. This keeps the time you are without your drive is reduced to a minimum. ---------------------- ######################| ================== |###################### ######################| Syquest drives |###################### ######################| ================== |###################### ---------------------- Syquest drives are hard discs with a removable cartridge rather like a floppy disc. The cartridges have a five year guarantee and are *VERY* reliable. Speed is about the same as a conventional hard drive. I have been using a 270Mb drive for some time now and I can thoroughly recommend them. If you want more info send me a blank disc with a stamp for return postage and ask for a copy of my article in 'Archive' magazine which goes into considerable detail. ___ ___ / | | \ IOMEGA / | |__/ DRIVES ??? /__ | | Do I sell them ? **NO** Despite the hype in the press (mainly written from publicity handouts by people who don't know much about them) these are not very good. They are slow (half the speed of a conventional drive) and can only be used externally. You may have been told that their big advantage is that discs are very cheap (around £16), much less than the the alternatives ** NOT TRUE ** So what IS the alternative ?? The new Syquest EZ series! These use tried and tested Syquest technology so you know they are reliable and data is safe (Syquest cartridges have a 5 year guarantee). Although the discs are slightly different the drives are physically the same size as other Syquest 3.5" drives (the same as a 3.5" floppy drive) and discs are the same price as the Zip discs but hold about 130Mb instead of the Zip drive's 100Mb. They are available as IDE or SCSI, and both types work with most Acorn compatible interfaces, (although most IDE interfaces except ICS can't cope with removable media). The external SCSI drive has two SCSI connectors so you can 'daisy chain' it, and a terminating pack. This is also ideal for an A3000 or A3010, and an external EZ SCSI drive complete with Castle Technology SCSI interface (which includes CDFS so you can add a SCSI CD ROM as well if you wish) will cost just £230. Not only does this give you an unlimited capacity hard disc, if you buy an A5000 or Risc PC later you can fit your EZ drive to the new machine. If you use an IDE drive you MUST have a 'fix' for the Acorn IDE filing system (which I can provide with the drive if you ask) otherwise it will refuse to recognise a changed disc. If you have an A5000 you could fit the ICS 'Whizzo' ROM which is an alternative to the Acorn IDE system with various other advantages including partitioning (so drives up to 2Gb can be used), password protection, etc. The ONLY IDE filing system designed to work with Syquest drives is ICS, and as these can work alongside the Acorn system you can fit one of these boards to an A5000 or Risc PC to allow you to have up to four IDE drives. There is normally no difficulty with SCSI, although there may be minor problems (eg. some will 'hang' if you try to access an empty drive). A mounting frame to fit a 3.5" drive in a RPC 5" bay costs £8. Complete kit to fit the drive in an A5000 is £15, including data and power leads. *** All drive prices include one cartridge *** IDE SCSI SCSI Drive type Internal Internal External Cartridge ---------- -------- -------- --------- --------- 3.5" 270Mb £149 £149 £169 £39 (£3 with a drive) *+*+* See above for special offer on 105Mb and 270Mb *+*+* (I no longer list the 5" drives but I can obtain these and cartridges - please phone for prices). 135Mb EZ series ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ IDE internal £99 Cartridges for EZ £16.50 each SCSI internal £105 Extra cartridges £15.50 each SCSI external £109 when ordered with a drive IDE external £125 Remember, prices include VAT, just add £5 carriage per drive. Price for cartridges includes P&P. NOTE 1 - There can be a problem with Syquest IDE drives when fitted to the later 33Mhz A5000's. So far as I am aware this only occurs when you use the Acorn interface (with or without a Whizzo ROM) so you MAY need to fit an ICS IDE interface. NOTE 2 - In theory there shouldn't be a problem exchanging discs between machines, even if they use different interfaces, but experience shows that there IS a problem when one computer uses SCSI (particularly Morley, but NOT Castle Tech) and the other IDE. There isn't any difficulty if the disc is initially formatted on the IDE drive, it will then work perfectly on either, but if it is formatted on the SCSI drive the IDE drive may be unable to read it. I suspect this is because many SCSI interfaces don't 'wipe' the existing data from the disc when they initialise it which confuses the IDE interface. ----------------------- ######################| =================== |###################### ######################| SCSI Hard discs |###################### ######################| =================== |###################### ----------------------- ===================== ========================== SCSI interfaces ============================ ===================== We stock the Castle Technology range of SCSI II interfaces to fit most machines. These are very reasonably priced but good quality and seem to work with most drives. They have CDFS so can also be used with many SCSI CD ROM drives. These are available as a 'standard' podule to fit A310, A4x0, A5000 or RPC, and as an internal card to fit A3000/A3010/A4000 Castle Tech SCSI interface to fit A310, A4x0, A5000 or RPC - £108 or £102 if purchased with a drive (add £7 for data cable) Castle Tech SCSI interface to fit A3000, A3010, A3020 or A4000 - £105 or £99 if purchased with a drive (add £10 for data cable) ================= =========================== SCSI drives ============================== ================= 240 Mb £89 ** limited offer ** 540 Mb £139 1.08 Gb £234 2 Gb £429 These are fast SCSI 1 and 2 compatible drives. I can get almost any other drive but as prices are volatile I don't bother to list them. Please phone (0181 778 2659) for more information. These are supplied on the understanding that I can't guarantee they will work with your interface. Some of the SCSI interfaces supplied for the Archimedes are very fussy about which drives they work with, especially early HCCS ones. I test and format the drive before despatch and so far as I am aware they are OK with Oak, Acorn, Morley and Castle Tech. If you do have a compatibility problem I will normally offer a refund (less carriage) if you return the drive in perfect condition. --------------------------------- #################| ============================= |################# #################| Fitting additional drives |################# #################| ============================= |################# --------------------------------- ====================================== ================= Extras drives in A310/A400/A5000 ================= ====================================== It is possible to fit a second drive internally in any of these or to fit a hard disc if you already have a second floppy or a Syquest drive in the second drive bay. A modern 1" high drive will fit (just!) in the space occupied by a single podule. However, if there is a podule in the lower slot under the drive it must be low profile (nothing sticking up) and low power (or it will get too hot). The ICS interface can be fitted under a drive which still leaves two slots free. There is no problem with the power supply if you don't already have a hard disc, but the PSU in the A310/A400 was only designed to supply one drive. In practice a second is unlikely to damage it unless the first is rather old. Older drives use a lot more power. Two modern drives may use less than one old model like a Seagate 157A, so you should be able to fit two without overloading. However, I take no responsibility if anything does go wrong. An A300/400 will now be rather old, so although IN THEORY the PSU can cope, if it's beginning to feel it's age the extra load COULD just push it over the edge. I don't think it's likely but YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED. The most likely problem is that the voltage on the 12v line will drop slightly, and some drives are particularly sensitive and shut down if it falls below about 11.85v. You can make a suitable mounting bracket with two pieces of 20mm plastic angle. You will also need a 'Y' power cable and a longer data lead. You can use the same method to fit an extra drive in an A5000 but this has a much bigger PSU so there's no power problems. I don't have a ready made kit for this but my A5000 already has a drive fitted in this way so if you want one please phone and ask. In theory, it is possible to fit two slim drives in the drive bay of an A300/A400 but once again it is a very tight fit. Personally I don't favour this idea as they are so close together there is no room for air to circulate. ============================ ===================== More drives in Risc PC ====================== ============================ You can fit two 3.5" slimline drives, one above the other, in a 5" bay in a RPC but it's a tight fit. However, this doesn't solve the problem of an extra drive if you only have one slice and a CD ROM. There really isn't any simple solution to this. If you have one of the Cumana CD's fitted by Acorn this will have taken up your second IDE 'slot' so you will need an IDE or SCSI card anyway. One solution (adopted by quite a few people) is get rid of the existing CD (it can be sold secondhand) and fit a second IDE drive internally and buy one of our external quad or x8 CD's with a CD interface. ----------------------- #####################| =================== |##################### #####################| ABS plastic cases |##################### #####################| =================== |##################### ----------------------- New external drive cases, 260mm x 240mm x 65mm. These are quite attractive (the pale grey colour matches the A3010) and not flimsy (I conducted a scientific test to make sure they will carry the weight of a monitor, ie. I stood on one and bounced up and down!). They are designed to hold a single 5" drive and power supply and have a cutout for the drive at the front. Fitted with 60mm fan, power switch, power supply, Euro power connector, 1m mains lead and the hole £45 in the front blanked. Price for bare case £12 Euro 'power out' connector so you can 'daisy chain' your monitor £3 extra Note no plug is fitted to the mains power lead as users may wish to plug it into the power out socket of an A300/400/5000. If you want a 50 way Centronics connector on the rear for SCSI/IDE data cables I will fit these for £6 each plus £5 for each internal cable and drive connector (specify IDE/SCSI) and supply IDC centronics plugs to match for £4.50 each. Please phone and ask if you have any special requirements or need leads, floppy drive cutouts, etc Carriage for cases with power supply is £5 unless ordered with a hard disc. If you order a drive and case I fit the drive and supply and fit a free 0.5m ribbon data cable for IDE drives. NOTE - I don't really want to supply these cases without a drive as they are very low cost and I only have a limited stock - when they've gone I can't get any more. So if you do want a bare case and are prepard to do a bit of DIY I will supply it 'unassembled'. This is the case, power socket, power switch, PSU, and power connector for the drive. It will then be up to you to put it all together (soldering will be required - but nothing complicated). ------------------- #######################| =============== |####################### #######################| Outside U.K. |####################### #######################| =============== |####################### ------------------- All prices shown include UK VAT at 17.5% and the standard carriage charge within the U.K. is £5 for internal drives or £10 for external. If you are outside the U.K. but WITHIN THE EC please add £10 carriage instead of £5 for internal drives, £15 for external. If you are VAT registered and wish VAT to be deducted you MUST order by letter or fax using your business letterhead giving your VAT registration number. Outside the EC you can deduct VAT (multiply the price by 0.85) but carriage is £15 for internal drives, £25 for external. If you are ordering more than one drive from outside the EC then ideally please phone/fax/write/email for an accurate price for carriage as it may be possible to reduce these costs, especially if you live in a major city. It may also be possible to offer lower rates if you are prepared to accept carriage by surface instead of airmail. You may be required to pay Import Duty in your own country. This is entirely your responsibility. Although experience shows that for a single item this usually does not happen you should be prepared to receive a bill if the packet is inspected by Customs.